Fluorite (CaF2) is a calcium fluoride mineral that contains 51.3% calcium and 48.7% fluorine when pure. The term derives from the Latin word fluere, meaning "to flow", which is relevant given its use as a slag maker in metallurgy and its low melting point. The substance is crystallised in the cubic system and has a Mohs hardness of 4, a specific gravity of 3.18 g/cm³, a melting temperature of 1330°C, and displays colours such as purple, green, blue, yellow, white, pink, brown and bluish black. It is transparent and translucent. The colour of the crystal varies according to the impurity element in the crystal lattice. Fluorite also contains rare earth elements that give it fluorescence and affect its colour properties. The substance exhibits blue or purple fluorescence when viewed under the effects of cathode and ultraviolet light. It displays phosphorescent properties when heated. In the commercial field, fluorite can be categorised into three distinct classes, each with specific industrial applications. Acid industry: Utilised as Asitspar or Acid grade, this class of fluorite is employed in the production of acids. Chemical industry: Known as Ceramicspar or Ceramic grade, this class of fluorite finds application in the chemical sector. Metallurgical industry: Designated as Metspar or Metallurgical grade, this class of fluorite is integral to metallurgical processes. - Hydrofluoric acid, produced from fluorite with a minimum of 97% CaF2 content, is categorised as Acid grade. This acid is a crucial raw material in the manufacture of numerous industrial products. The primary chemicals produced from acid grade fluorite are chlorofluorocarbon, tri and dichlorofluoromethane and ethanes, which are used as refrigerants, foam blowers and solvents. - Fluorite with 80-96% CaF2 content, categorised as ceramic grade fluorite, is utilised in the ceramic (3%), glass (10-20%) and enamel (3-10%) industries. These products are used in a variety of industrial processes, including the production of glaze in the ceramic industry, white and coloured opal glass in the glass industry, clinker in the production of Portland cement, and the coating of steel parts of stoves, refrigerators and cooking appliances. They are also used in the production of glass wool. HF is the primary raw material in the metallurgical industry and in the production of aluminium fluorite and synthetic cryolite. These are used in the production of aluminium metal by electrolysis. - Fluorites with 60-85% CaF2 content, categorised as metallurgical grade, are employed in steel production to achieve several objectives. These include reducing slag surface pressure, lowering melting temperature and slag viscosity, extracting undesirable elements such as Si, S, P and C from iron by passing them to slag, and preventing abrasion of refractory bricks. In addition to its use in the steel industry, it is employed as a binding agent in the production of abrasives. Fluorite is a versatile mineral that finds application in a variety of industrial sectors. It is used in the production of artificial rubber and aerosol products, as well as in the production of magnesium and calcium metal. Additionally, fluorite is employed in numerous industrial branches and as an electrode coating material, offering a substitute for rutile.